The Union Cabinet has approved the Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) for government employees, which guarantees a pension equal to half of the salary after retirement. This scheme will take effect from April 1, 2025, benefiting around 23 lakh government employees. In this article, we will explore UPS in detail and understand how it differs from the Old Pension Scheme (OPS) and the New Pension Scheme (NPS).

What is the Unified Pension Scheme?

The Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) is a new pension system for government employees, offering a guaranteed pension. This scheme also includes provisions for family pensions and an inflation-based indexation.

The key feature of UPS is that it guarantees a pension equal to half of the salary, similar to the old pension scheme. This addresses the concerns of central employees who were dissatisfied with the New Pension Scheme (NPS).

5 Key Features of UPS

Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnav outlined the following five features:

  1. Assured Pension: The pension will be 50% of the average basic salary of the last 12 months before retirement, provided the employee has served at least 25 years. The pension amount will be proportionately reduced for those with fewer years of service.
  2. Assured Minimum Pension: If an employee retires after at least 10 years of service, they will receive a minimum pension of Rs 10,000 per month.
  3. Assured Family Pension: In the event of the pensioner’s death, the dependent family member will receive 60% of the pension amount as a family pension.
  4. Inflation Indexation: Pension payments will include Dearness Relief (DR), calculated based on the Consumer Price Index for industrial labour, similar to the DA for government employees.
  5. Lump-Sum Payment on Retirement: Employees will receive a lump sum payment at retirement, calculated as one-tenth of the monthly salary (salary + dearness allowance) for every six months of service, in addition to gratuity.

NPS vs OPS: How Are They Different?

The Old Pension Scheme (OPS) did not require employee contributions; the entire burden fell on the government treasury. In 2004, the New Pension Scheme (NPS) replaced OPS due to concerns about the unsustainable nature of the old system.

Under OPS, employees received 50% of their last salary as a pension, with inflation adjustments, similar to UPS. However, there was no pension fund in OPS, and the burden was on the government.

NPS, introduced in 2004, required employees to contribute 10% of their basic salary, while the government contributed 14%. However, the pension under NPS is not guaranteed and depends on market performance.

How is UPS Different from NPS and OPS?

New Pension Scheme (NPS):

No assured pension; dependent on market performance.
Employee contribution: 10% of basic salary; Government contribution: 14%.

Old Pension Scheme (OPS):

  • Assured pension of 50% of the last salary.
  • No contribution from the employee; entirely government-funded.

Unified Pension Scheme (UPS):

  • Assured pension: 50% of the average salary of the last 12 months.
  • Employee contribution: 10%, Government contribution: 18.5%.
  • Compared to NPS, UPS will add a Rs 6,250 crore burden on the government in the first year.

Who Can Avail the Benefits of UPS?

The Unified Pension Scheme will be implemented from April 1, 2025. It will apply to all employees who have been under NPS since 2004. These employees will receive adjusted arrears along with the funds already withdrawn under NPS. The estimated cost of these arrears is Rs 800 crore.

Employees will have the option to stay in NPS or switch to UPS. However, given the improvements in UPS, most employees will likely choose to switch. The government aims to assure employees that their future is not subject to market uncertainties. While UPS will apply to central government employees, state governments may also choose to adopt the scheme.